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The Four Oirat (''Dorben Oirad''), also known as the Alliance of the Four Oirat tribes or the Oirat confederation (Oirads; Mongolian: Дөрвөн Ойрад; in the past, also Eleuths), was the confederation of the Oirat tribes, which marked the rise of the Western Mongols in Mongolian history. Despite the universal currency of the term "Four Oirat" among and Oirats and numerous explanations by historians, no consensus has been reached on the identity of the original four tribes. While it is believed that the term Four Oirats refers to the Choros, Torghut, Dorbet and Khoid tribes,〔René Grousset ''Empire of Steppes'', p.341〕 there is a theory that the Oirats were not consanguineous units but political-ethnic units, composed of many patrilineages.〔C. P. Atwood ''Enc'', p.310〕 ==Background== The Oirats were one of the forest peoples who lived in west of the Mongols of Genghis Khan. They submitted to Genghis in 1207 and played prominent roles in the history of the Mongol Empire. After the overthrow of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), Möngke-Temür, a high official of the Yuan, had placed himself at the head of the Oirats. When he died, three chieftains, Mahamu (Mahmud), Taiping and Batu-bolad, ruled them.〔E. Bretschneider-Mediaeval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources,p.161〕 They sent envoys with gifts to the Ming dynasty. In 1409, Yongle Emperor (r.1402-24) bestowed upon them the title of wang in return. The Oirats began to challenge the Borjigin Emperors in the reign of Elbeg Khan (c.1394-99). It is curious to find one of the 3 chief was with Muslim name, Mahmud. Before 1640, the Oirats had been wavering between the two faiths, Islam and Buddhism. Both these creeds had supporters among the pagan Oirats.〔Fred Walter Bergholz ''The partition of the steppe'', p.52〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Four Oirat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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